There have been millions of diagnostic injections of contrast agent microbubbles worldwide, and they are accompanied by an excellent safety profile. Microbubble suspensions, typically on the order of 10 9 bubbles/ml, are injected intravenously into a peripheral vein in the arm, with a whole-body dose ranging from 0.2 to 2 ml. The bubbles are stabilized by a thin bio-compatible encapsulation layer-typically a phospholipid monolayer, to offer a sufficient compromise between bubble vibration flexibility and resistance to dissolution in-vivo over timescales relevant for imaging, e.g., half-lives of minutes. Due to the compressibility of their gas cores, microbubbles vibrate about their equilibrium radius in an ultrasound field and possess scattering cross-sections several orders of magnitude higher than a solid particle of the same size. Unlike contrast agents used in other modalities, such as MRI and CT, the relatively large size of ultrasound contrast agents ensures that they remain strictly intravascular and act as red blood cell tracers. Ultrasound contrast agents comprise of a suspension of small spheres of gas with a low solubility in blood (e.g., perfluorocarbon), typically ranging in size from below 1 to 8 µm in diameter. This technique has limitations however when dealing with regions of slow blood flow, large tissue motion and/or low hematocrit percentage. For larger vessels, the relative motion of red blood cells compared to the surrounding tissue can be exploited to assess blood velocity using Doppler techniques, a strategy employed in many clinical applications (e.g., obstetrics, assessment of peripheral artery disease, cardiology ). Consequently, blood appears dark on conventional ultrasound images and blood flow characteristics cannot be readily assessed. At typical diagnostic frequencies ( ≈1–10 MHz), the intrinsic scattering from the blood pool, however, is typically several orders of magnitude lower than tissue due to the size and properties of red blood cells. These scattered signals are recorded by the same transmitting transducer and used to generate an image. As an ultrasonic wave (which is a longitudinal wave) is transmitted into the body, reflections are generated from tissue interfaces that are characterized by different acoustic properties, i.e., speed of sound and density. Each person should rely on their own inquires before making decisions that touch their own interests.Ultrasound imaging is a well-established clinical tool for the morphological assessment of soft tissues, employed frequently in obstetrics, cardiology, and radiology. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, RANZCR®, its Board, officers and employees assume no responsibility for its content, use, or interpretation. RANZCR® recommends that any specific questions regarding any procedure be discussed with a person's family doctor or medical specialist. Some of the tests and procedures included in this publication may not be available at all radiology providers. It is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient and his/her doctor. The content of this publication is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. ![]() RANZCR® intends by this statement to exclude liability for any such opinions, advices or information. It issues no invitation to any person to act or rely upon such opinions, advices or information or any of them and it accepts no responsibility for any of them. RANZCR® is not aware that any person intends to act or rely upon the opinions, advices or information contained in this publication or of the manner in which it might be possible to do so. ![]()
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![]() The Additional Units Mod does what you would expect, adding 48 new units to the game. The downside to this mod is that battles are now ridiculously long. ![]() Unit stats and tactics have been altered to make them more true to history and force players to take much greater care in planning and tactics. The other mods on this list fundamentally change gameplay while this one drastically improves it by trying to make it more historically accurate. Heavy cavalry plays a much bigger role in combat thanks to this mod and light cavalry take a bit of a back seat. All of the new units and the units from the vanilla game have had their appearances updated to be more historically accurate. There have also been a lot of tweaks to gameplay like column formation moving faster and artillery being extremely slow when moving through wooded areas. This mod includes several new maps and campaigns to play through along with commanders for each faction with unique stats and effects on the player’s units. There are new factions, new units, and new gameplay mechanics, among other things. This mod gives a huge overhaul to the game making it more immersive and more challenging. Despite this, it is still a fun mod to play. The biggest drawback to this mod is that the game’s base AI hasn’t been altered, still acting like the standard AI from the base game without compensating for the new setting and technology. In combat, the units have been changed to reflect the time period, including an increased rate of fire and pseudo-trench warfare. The base gameplay is the same, but aspects like the tech tree have been completely changed to match the setting. The mod’s developer does give the nod to these countries in some way or another through unit recruitment and other forms of gameplay. Factions outside of the map of Europe used in the base game like the US and Australia are not included. The map stays mostly the same as in the standard game, which restricts some of the factions available. ![]() The game starts in 1914, and players get to choose from any of the available allied or central powers of the time that took part in WW1. The Great War Mod changes the game’s setting to the 20th century with a focus on World War 1. This mod makes Napoleon feel like a new game while staying true to its base concepts. The mod also includes more realistic battle mechanics and new campaigns. These units are pulled from several other mods that are integrated into DarthMod Napoleon. What is most impressive about this mod is that it also includes over 200 new units in the game. The mod also includes new factions and an improved soundtrack. The Napoleon version of this mod improves enemy AI, blood and smoke effects, and creates for new formations to be used in-game. Some of Vader’s best work is the improvement of Total War’s AI. If you have been into modding the Total War franchise for a while, you have probably heard of the modder Darth Vader. Here are some the best mods to use in Napoleon: Total War DarthMod Napoleon The game has turned 10 years old this year and, as expected, has numerous mods and an active modding community like most of the other Total War games. Because of the focus on a specific leader, the game doesn’t allow players to alter the policies of their empire but does put a more substantial focus on resource management. The Napoleon entry in the franchise does backtrack on some of the more broad sweeping strategic features, but it is still hailed as one of the best games in the franchise. One of the biggest draws for this franchise is the more in-depth tactics and the “big-picture” strategy not found in other RTS games. If that's your situation, hang around the sub for a couple of days and leave a few comments - you'll be able to post in no time! Need more details? Read our full rules here.The Total War franchise has been around since 2000 as a significant player in RTS gaming. Our automoderator also prevents spam by deleting posts from users less than four days old or who have less than three karma. Giveaways and contests must be approved beforehand by the moderation team. No politics allowedĭon't derail threads with off-topic memes or controversy. WH3 Introducing the Spring ChampionshipĪll posts must be related to the Total War series.Post your strategies, thoughts, links and reviews here. Click here to set your flair! Welcome to /r/TotalWar!Ī subreddit for all of those who love the Total War series. ![]() TL:DR The update might be a small change but you're really just redownloading the whole file containing the change. Of course there may be other reasons too. Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun - Release Trailer 00:00 00:00 Cu hình chi game Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun Minimum: OS: Windows Vista 64-bit Processor: Intel i3 2nd-Generation 2.5GHz, AMD Quad-Core 2. Patching system is not an automatic/natural thing and many games opt to use a patching system pretty poorly. Shadow Tactics Blades of The Shogun (Like and sharing game for your friends) Download Link Download Link Mirror 1 Link Mirror 2 The tactical game with stealth elements Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun is a cooperative endeavor of Daedalic Entertainment and Mimimi Productions. In worst case you (in very early early pre-alpha versions etc) you have to download whole game again just because one 0 was changed to 1. So the direct "update" could be for example 1Mb in size but the full file containing the change itself could be for example 1 Gb so you will still redownload the whole file of 1Gb just because many games don't do the proper patching. Is this a bug on my part or you guys have it too? Some games update just one small thing in a bigger file which will have to be downloaded all over again. Also I don't know about you but for all update, there is for example a 600Mb update and yet my Steam downloads like severals Gigs, it feels like downloading the whole game everytime. The GAMA Private Hospital in Japan, in particular, feels like a Spectre base ripped straight from the pages of Ian Flemming’s Bond books.Originally posted by Laroche:It does happen to many games in my library. Hitman feels close to being the best James Bond-style game available until the studio releases its own James Bond title. Moreover, the series takes its players to truly stunning and immersive locations such as Marrakesh in Morocco or Santa Fortuna in Columbia. RELATED: Metal Gear Solid: Strongest Metal Gears In The Franchise, Ranked There is an element of sneaking involved, but players will find themselves hiding in plain sight using the hundreds of disguises available. Please update to version 1.1.2 first, then to 1.2.1 and to 1.4.4, before installing this patch. The game in the box without any installed patches has the version number 1.0.8. Tackling these challenges undetected is like working out a complicated puzzle and is just as satisfying when achieved. Irritating camera aside, Shadow Tactics weaves the unique abilities of its characters into a fun, smart stealth game.Watch more IGN Game Reviews herehttps:/. Patch 1.4.4 to 2.2.10 - Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun Windows This patch is only compatible with the German retail boxed version of the game. This is especially so in the most recent titles, as every level feels like its own game with so much replay value and new challenges unlocking after every completion. The Hitman series is one of the most intricately designed stealth games ever. Platform: GameCube, Mac OS, PC, PS2, PS3, PS4, PS5, Stadia, Switch, Vita, Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S The best games like Metal Gear Solid often borrow a lot from the popular Hideo Kojima franchise but also introduce some unique and interesting mechanics of their own. The series helped popularize the stealth genre too, with other studios creating espionage thriller franchises to call their own, from Splinter Cell to Syphon Filter. Kojima is a huge cinema fan, leading to the MGS series showing off some of the most cinematic cutscenes in gaming history. Developed by Hideo Kojima, the series has paid homage to classic 80s action movies from Rambo to The Terminator. Updated April 24, 2023, by Michael Llewellyn: The Metal Gear Solid series stands on its own as a science fiction espionage series. While Metal Gear Solid’s science fiction-based world stands very much alone, several titles across genres are worthy of a Metal Gear Solid fan's time and attention. In addition to the long-awaited sequels, several other games in the stealth genre have become classics in their own right, influencing the more recent MGS titles. Over the decades, the Metal Gear series has had four more sequels and several spin-off entries, expanding its unique universe. Other than Goldeneye 007 and Tenchu: Stealth Assassin, it had very few rivals in the sub-genre. So, I've been trying to replicate it in the past few days. A few days ago, I finished playing 'Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun,' and I found its FOV mechanism particularly interesting. It gave gamers an alternative action game that requires thought and patience instead of running and gunning. Recreating the FOV mechanism of 'Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun' in 2D. Included content: Shadow Tactics: Blades of the Shogun (. In 1998 Metal Gear Solid set the bar for stealth and espionage spy games. ElAmigos release, unprotected game (crack is not necessary). We do hope that by the end of the year we will be able to leave early access, but until then a lot of content and features need to be added to the game and a complete new playing mode alongside with Steam Achevements as well. Here is a short list of things from 2 previous announcements of what the Future holds for Urban Tale: Urban Tale is far from finished and we have still a lot to add to the game and a lot to fix. In any case, thank you very much for pointing this issue out to us and rest assured, we are on it. ![]() where most of the problems are causing the Florist and the Baker Career. Most likely not are data get's stored when saving and then when coming back to that particular career, it gets "wonky".īut this goes mainly for the new Careers which were added with the update 0.3.0. We have been made aware of it before and this issue will most likely get resolved with the next Update which will be some time in this month. We did the Criminal Job in a Livestream not long ago but i think we can playi it again on the next Livestream. In this Livestream we were playing the Banker Career whilst being corrupt and also done some Trash collecting and cooking as well. If you missed todays Livestream, here is the link to it, it's already uploaded to Twitch (Youtube is not yet updated but will be in a few hours): We started doing Livestreams like 2 months ago, before that everyone was mainly focused on debugging the game (emm and we still are more or less focusing on that). neither are we, when it comes to understanding the ways of stream. ![]() I honestly wouldn't be surprised, if in the end polished days, UT becomes as popular as games such as Stardew Valley. I can't wait to see how the development of UT expands and am excited to be along for the ride. Today I'm going to try a different job and see how that goes. It seems leaving the game really makes things go wonky in the florist job. Since I was so early in the gameplay, I restarted the game to see if it was just a one-off glitch but no, the same thing happened again. However, when I saved and left the game, I came back a few hours later to play again and I got the repeat message about my job description but I couldn't actually perform the job the following morning. I saw there was a counter 0/15 and a timer of the days work hours left. Explanation: After the interview, landing the job, and seeing what I'm to do, the first day on the job was spent mostly hunting the flowers I needed to water. I am having an issue with what seems to be the game forgetting my florist job. I just picked up the game a couple of days ago and absolutely love the whole concept of it. (I did check there for previous ones and sub'd!) I'm so happy your future streams will be on YT. ![]() Nothing in particular, I had been reading the discussions here and saw the reference to the stream featuring the criminal job and that grabbed my curiosity. I'm not savvy in the "ways of steam" so I was afraid I was just overlooking the obvious. Originally posted by Rumleaf:Thank you so much for your reply. ![]() Charger rating: 24 Volt, 1.6 Ampīattery Charger for eZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Includes wiringīattery Pack Wiring Harness for eZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Scooterīattery pack wiring harness for the eZip® E-400 and E-400NS electric scooter.īattery Charger for eZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Scooterīattery charger for the eZip® E-400 and E-400NS electric scooter. Heavy duty woven nylon battery pack bag with zipper and carry handle for the eZipĮ-400 and E-400NS electric scooter. ![]() Allows one battery pack to be recharged outside of the scooter while the other battery pack is installed in the scooter and being used.īattery Pack Bag with Wiring Harness for eZip® E-400 ![]() Off-Scooter Battery Pack Charging Adapter for eZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Scooterīattery pack charging adapter for the eZip® E-400 and E-400NS electric scooter. Includes 12 month battery replacement warranty. Soft case with built-in handle, and pre-installed wiring harness. Includes two 12 Volt 10Ah pre-wired batteries, heavy-duty woven nylon zippered Plug-and-play battery pack for the eZip® E-400 and E-400NS electric scooter. Includes 12 monthīattery Pack with Case and Wiring Harness for eZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Scooter Set of two batteries for the eZip® E-400 and E-400NS electric scooter. The eZip® 400 and E-400 are the exact same model.īattery Set for eZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Scooter The eZip® E400 has a seat and the eZip E400NS has no seat. EZip® E-400 and E-400NS Electric Scooter Parts ![]() If you have any problems signing up please let me know. Happy grabbing everybody!Ĭredit card payments are back online! I'm going to start closing accounts that are expired in the next few hours. Also the GrabIt Search will index faster, so new articles appear faster in the GrabIt Search. ![]() Result is faster response times to the GrabIt Search. I had a good deal on some new servers, so I replaced 4 of the older servers with new servers. Sorry for not picking up on this earlier, I just didn't realize how much Giganews service had declined.Īs always, if you are missing any groups in the GrabIt Search or GrabIt Usenet Browser, just contact me from the chat / message bubble below and I'll see if I can add it for you. We noticed much better completion on all binaries posted since February 13th, so the problem was worse than we thought. Kies niet alleen jouw perfecte Usenet-abonnement, maar ook de duur van jouw abonnement. Met SnelNL kunt je jouw Usenet-ervaring afstemmen op jouw persoonlijke behoeften. We where a bit behind while sorting through 789 million articles, but we are currently processing articles posted 5 minutes ago so the search engine is fully up to date. Ons populairste abonnement wordt geleverd met een snelheid van meer dan 1000 Mbps, directe en onbeperkte downloads, evenals al onze exclusieve Usenet-functies. So over the past three days we migrated over to our own news servers (). Via de telefoon heb ik dit gemeld met de vraag of er storingen waren met die server, maar de dame die ik aan de lijn had wist niet waar ik het over had, wist zelfs niet wat een nieuwsserver was. But we noticed a lot of missing articles lately. For the last 12 years we have been using Giganews servers to feed the GrabIt Search engine. Secondly, getting these fragments require the use of endgame equipment. First off, fragments appear on the mini-map as turquoise triangles, so look for those upon entering a room. There are a few ways to determine whether or not a room might contain a fragment. There’s also no way to know if your current run contains the fragments without searching every room in the biome. It’s a task that could take hours to complete if RNG doesn’t favor you. You may get lucky and find the first three biome’s fragments in a single run and then have no luck in the final three. The rooms that contain the fragments spawn randomly. Getting all six Sunface Fragments isn’t a simple task due to the roguelike nature of Returnal. Sounds like a simple task, right? Unfortunately, no. The fragments are permanent items that don’t reset upon death and the in-game menu keeps track of which ones you already have. Each biome holds one fragment apiece, necessitating you travel back and forth between time periods. Specifically, you’ll need to find six Sunface Fragments. So, what do you do?Īct 3 boils down to a hunt for items. There’s still one last House Sequence to witness and Selene subtlety mentions there’s still something to do. Helios’ cargo bay has opened up with a machine that allows her to travel back and forth in time. Selene reawakens on Atropos with no clear objective marker. That triggers credits, but the game isn’t over. After defeating Ophion, the fifth and final boss, players are once again treated to another cutscene, this time featuring a car accident that occurred in Selene’s childhood. Instead, that death reboots the cycle of events on Atropos, forcing her to complete another three biomes. Of course, we shockingly learn that she’s not free of the loop. Act 1 ends with the defeat of Nemesis, giving players a cutscene where Selene escapes, ages and then dies of natural causes. Returnal is evenly divided into three acts. Only proceed if you’ve completed the first two acts of the game. SPOILER ALERT! Everything beyond the following image features spoilers for Returnal. The game, however, doesn’t make it entirely clear how to get that final ending. It’s a game that could fundamentally go on forever, but there is a definitive ending. ![]() ![]() The game traps protagonist Selene in a time-loop where she’s forced back to the start after every death. ![]() Returnal launches on April 30 exclusively on PlayStation 5.Returnal is a lengthy game that likes to play with your expectations. Instead of the usual third-person view perspective, it turns into a first-person view, making it more intensifying than usual. There is also a different point of view when players go into a mystery that Selene finds in her journeys. The Xeno-archives are purely visual that need to be deciphered while the Xenoglyphs are written and need to be translated via the language samples that players collect in their journey across the planet. They can also find the disturbed writings found on Xenoglyphs, which tell the same story but on a different point of view. When she comes out from the ship again, she finds out that the world’s environment has changed, the layouts are not the same, and the cycle of rebirth is discovered.ĭuring her journey through Atropos, players will then discover more information about the alien civilization when it thrived via holographic statues. Dangerous creatures then attack her on sight.Īfter getting attacked, Selene dies from her wounds, but finds herself resurrected again in her ship’s cockpit before the crash. For some reason, she felt that she was not alone on the planet. She discovers a lot of alien things like scary ruins of an alien civilization filled with alien corpses, statues, gates, and xeno-tech. When Selene arrives nearby the planet, she suddenly crash lands in an alien forest. She intends to follow the trail of the White Shadow broadcast signal. Game developer Housemarque has recently released a new story trailer for upcoming dark, sci-fi action thriller Returnal revealing more details on how the game mechanics work and the premise of the story.Īccording to the story trailer, all of the trouble started when the Greek-American ASTRA deep space scout Selene goes against orders in order to travel to the alien planet called Atropos. ![]() Items must be returned in original condition with all original packaging. Approved returns will be subject to inspection on arrival. Returns Policy To Return an item you must contact us and take photos of your item to clearly show any damage or unusual aspects of it. Our store obeys all eBay Rules and Policies. All pictures are for illustration purpose only and Colours may vary slightly. please ensure to read and agree to All eBay terms and Conditions before bidding. Terms & Conditions By bidding on this item,the Buyer agrees to all of the terms and conditions as outlined in this listing. Import Duties In case some duty is due Upon delivery, it is your responsibility to meet that expense and this may cause delays to delivery schedule and you may have to pickup goods at the customs office. Payments We accepts Paypal only If you have any questions about the payment,please contact us through eBay message. If you have changed your address, or want us to ship to another address, please change to the new address when you pay us with PAYPAL, otherwise we will not be responsible if the package is lost. We always send the item to the address you give us on PAYPAL to ensure the security of the item.We will arrange shipping for you within 24 Hours after payment cleared except the holidays.There is a time zone difference,but we will do our best to quickly response to your questions: Shipping Compatible: The rear lens cap is fit for all M42 Lens,Such as Pentax, Zenit, Carl zeis, other mirror lens etc What is in the box? 1x M42 rear lens cap Item NO:F60616 Preview: Thank you for your purchase Problems? You can follow below process to chontact us. It helps to keep dust from your lens mechanism. ![]() (Third Party) Design for M42 lens Feature: This rear lens cap is used when storing your lens or after the lens has been removed from your camera. Description Description&Previewshipping&policyDescription: Introduction: 1.condition:Brand new, never used 2.color : black 3.Material: Plastic 4.This rear lens cap is fits for all M42 lens, the functions and size is same as the M42 products. You can follow below process to chontact us. Item: 354763328739 2021 Hinterlinsenkappe Abdeckung Plastik Schwarzes Objektiv Gehäuse für M42 I5Y0. After using the iPhone XS camera, our columnist Jason Snell calls Smart HDR reason enough to justify an upgrade to the new iPhones all on its own.Īpple says the sensor on the main rear camera is larger, which should help the iPhone XS grab more light even in darker settings. The iPhone XS is able to capture more exposures in a shorter amount of time, reducing shutter lag to the point where you shouldn't notice it. With Smart HDR, your iPhone can capture multiple exposures in a short time frame for a balanced shot. The result is a 50 improvement in light gathering capability. However, the size of the sensor has gone from 1.2 to 1.4 microns on the iPhone XS and XS Max, and the pixels are deeper as well. Like the iPhone X before it, the XS has a 12-megapixel wide-angle lens and a 12-MP telephoto shooter, while the 7-MP TrueDepth camera up front handles selfies. (It's worth noting that some iPhone XS owners have complained about problems with Wi-Fi and cellular connectivity as of late 2018, Apple was looking into the reports, though we've yet to hear of any resolution.)Ĭamera: The new A12 processor also includes a new image signal processor (ISP), and that's going to drive a lot of the photographic improvements with the new iPhone. Testing supports that claim, with the iPhone XS posting faster download and upload speeds on AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon in tests conducted by. The new iPhones have a new modem capable of supporting Gigabit LTE, offering what Schiller touted as the fastest LTE connectivity of any iPhone to date. MORE: Best iPhones: Which Apple Phone Should You Get?įaster Modems: It's not just the processor that's improved. The result is more immersive and more realistic AR experiences. It supports things like machine learning and can process up to 5 trillion operations per second. ![]() There's an 8-core neural engine on the A12 that's 9 times faster. Those are solid gains, though not the big leap forward the A11 proved to be over the A10.īut the A12 delivers other noteworthy changes. The iPhone XS also was able to transcode a 2-minute 4K clip to 1080 p in 39 seconds, besting the iPhone X's time of 43 seconds. The new phone topped the iPhone X's Geekbench 4 score by 11 percent while its performance on the 3DMark Slingshot Extreme graphics benchmark improved by 3 percent. We saw the performance gains when we tested the iPhone XS. ![]() The A12's two high-performance cores are 15 percent faster while consuming 40 percent less power than the A11, while the four efficiency cores on the new CPU are 50 percent more efficient than the A11 inside last year's iPhone X. The A12 delivers the requisite performance boost over its predecessor, of course. (Image credit: Apple's Phil Schiller unveils the iPhone's A12 Processor (Credit: Apple)) Three phase transformer use three single phase transformer but with slightly different coil configuration. But since the energy is conserved the primary and secondary currents have to obey the following relationship: When the number of turns in the secondary winding is greater than primary winding the transformer will step up the voltage and when the number of turns in the secondary is less than primary than it will step down the voltage. As a result the induced emf at the secondary coil is expressed as follows: The primary coil input voltage depends on the emf per turn. Since the same magnetic flux passing through primary and secondary coil the emf per turn for both the primary and secondary coils will be same. The net emf across the winding will be the sum of individual emf induces in each turn. Since the turns are arranged in a series. ![]() Due to electromagnetic induction the fluctuating magnetic field will induce an emf in the secondary coils. This magnetic flux can be effectively linked to a secondary winding with the help of core made up of ferromagnetic material. The magnetic field produce by the coil with the fluctuating nature of the alternating current the magnetic field associated with the coil also fluctuate. ![]() Magnetic field is produce around it when current passes through it. Such a fluctuating magnetic field can easily be produce by a coil and alternating emf system. According to this principle a varying magnetic flux associated with loop will induce an electromotive force across it. The basic working principal of transformer is simple electromagnetic induction. In this way they help to achieve better transformer efficiency while transferring the power over longer distances. Transformer is capable of receiving ac power at one voltage it can be step up or step down voltage and deliver this voltage. Mesh voltage is the difference of voltage between the potential of the soil within the grid and metallic object connect with the grid.Įach transmission substation consists of the following key elements: Transformer: When a person experience difference in surface potential bridging a distance if 1m with the feet without contacting any other ground object. Touch voltage is the difference between the surface potential and ground potential rise at a point where the person is standing while at the same time having a hand in contact with a ground structure. Three types of the potential can be find inside the substation: Supervision and control can be done with the help of SCADA system.For example in Pakistan most substation are operated by the NTDCL. Someone has the ownership that will operate this system. Owned and operated by electrical utility or a large industrial commercial customer. ![]() According to the requirement of the customer whether they require high or low voltage.
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